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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">desin</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Дезинфектология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Disinfectology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">3033-6465</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3033-7739</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Федеральный научный центр гигиены им. Ф. Ф. Эрисмана</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/dez003</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">MAEDFW</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">desin-6</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Возможность использования крыс линии Вистар как модельного объекта при исследовании влияния воспаления и непредсказуемого стресса на тревожность и циклы «сон — бодрствование»</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Possibility of Using Wistar Rats as a Model Organism in Studying the Inflammation and Non-Predictable Stress on Anxiety and Sleep-Wake Cycles</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5275-2848</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кульпина</surname><given-names>Арина Андреевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulpina</surname><given-names>Arina A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бакалавр лаб. общей физиологии и регуляторных пептидов кафедры физиологии человека и животных Биологического факультета ФГБОУ ВО МГУ им. М.В. Ломоносова, Москва, Россия</p><p>e-mail: arinakulpina@yandex.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Bachelor's degree student, Laboratory of general physiology and regulatory peptides, Department of human and animal physiology, Faculty of biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia</p><p>e-mail: arinakulpina@yandex.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">arinakulpina@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6853-4143</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Герасимов</surname><given-names>Андрей Алексеевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gerasimov</surname><given-names>Andrey A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Магистр лаб. общей физиологии и регуляторных пептидов кафедры физиологии человека и животных Биологического факультета ФГБОУ ВО МГУ им. М.В. Ломоносова, Москва, Россия</p><p>e-mail: drewgerasimov@gmail.com</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Master's degree student, Laboratory of general physiology and regulatory peptides, Department of human and animal physiology, Faculty of biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia</p><p>e-mail: drewgerasimov@gmail.com</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">drewgerasimov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7886-1885</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Манченко</surname><given-names>Дарья Михайловна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Manchenko</surname><given-names>Darya M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. биол. наук, доцент лаб. общей физиологии и регуляторных пептидов кафедры физиологии человека и животных Биологического факультета ФГБОУ ВО МГУ им. М.В. Ломоносова, Москва, Россия</p><p>e-mail: dashishka@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Associate Professor. Laboratory of general physiology and regulatory peptides, Department of human and animal physiology, Faculty of biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia</p><p>e-mail: dashishka@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dashishka@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3230-7950</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Глазова</surname><given-names>Наталия Юрьевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Glazova</surname><given-names>Natalia Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. биол. наук, н. с. лаб. общей физиологии и регуляторных пептидов кафедры физиологии человека и животных Биологического факультета ФГБОУ ВО МГУ Москва, Россия</p><p>e-mail: tusy-g@yandex.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biol.), researcher, Laboratory of general physiology and regulatory peptides, Department of human and animal physiology, Faculty of biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia</p><p>e-mail: tusy-g@yandex.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tusy-g@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9095-2907</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Левицкая</surname><given-names>Наталья Григорьевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Levitskaya</surname><given-names>Natalia G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Д-р биол. наук, с. н. с. лаб. общей физиологии и регуляторных пептидов кафедры физиологии человека и животных Биологического факультета ФГБОУ ВО МГУ, Москва, Россия</p><p>e-mail: nglevitskaya@gmail.com</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Biol.), senior researcher. Laboratory of general physiology and regulatory peptides, Department of human and animal physiology, Faculty of biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia</p><p>e-mail: nglevitskaya@gmail.com</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nglevitskaya@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>1</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>31</fpage><lpage>38</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кульпина А.А., Герасимов А.А., Манченко Д.М., Глазова Н.Ю., Левицкая Н.Г., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кульпина А.А., Герасимов А.А., Манченко Д.М., Глазова Н.Ю., Левицкая Н.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kulpina A.A., Gerasimov A.A., Manchenko D.M., Glazova N.Y., Levitskaya N.G.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.dezinfectologiya.ru/jour/article/view/6">https://www.dezinfectologiya.ru/jour/article/view/6</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Метод «двойного удара» представляет собой модель воздействия на организм двух повреждающих факторов на разных этапах онтогенеза. Известно, что стресс может играть роль триггера в развитии болезней центральной нервной системы, действуя на фоне изменения уровня про- и противовоспалительных факторов вследствие раннего воспаления.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В экспериментах на крысах Вистар были использованы в качестве повреждающих факторов неонатальное воспаление, вызванное введением липополисахарида на 7-й и 9-й постнатальные дни (ПНД) в дозе 50 мкг/кг, и повторяющееся стрессогенное воздействие в подростковом возрасте. Уровень тревожности оценивали дважды: до стрессирующего воздействия с помощью О-образного лабиринта (на 31-й ПНД) и после стресса с помощью приподнятого крестообразного лабиринта (на 40-й ПНД). С 36-го по 39-й ПНД часть животных подвергалась субхроническому непредсказуемому стрессу. При достижении возраста 3 месяцев самцам проводили операцию вживления нихромовых электродов и последующую круглосуточную регистрацию полисомнограммы.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Раннее постнатальное воспаление не влияет на уровень тревожности и архитектуру сна у крыс, в то время как непредсказуемое субхроническое стрессирующее воздействие в предпубертатный период приводит к развитию гиперактивности и нарушает продолжительность циклов «сон — бодрствование».</p></sec><sec><title>Обсуждение</title><p>Обсуждение. Лабораторные крысы (в частности крысы линии Вистар) подвергались длительной доместикации и содержались в контролируемых условиях в течение многих поколений, что привело к снижению их адаптивного потенциала. Таким образом, лабораторные крысы, подобно современному человеку, существуют в искусственно стабилизированной среде, что делает их более чувствительными к внешним воздействиям по сравнению с дикими сородичами.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Несмотря на изначально высокую биологическую пластичность вида Rattus norvegicus, лабораторные линии крыс являются адекватной моделью для изучения различных процессов, актуальных для человеческой популяции.</p></sec><sec><title>Этическое утверждение</title><p>Этическое утверждение. Работа одобрена комиссией по биоэтике ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова» (протокол № 194-ж от 26.12.2024), проведено в соответствии с Европейской конвенцией о защите позвоночных животных, используемых для экспериментов или в иных научных целях (ETS N 123), директивой Европейского парламента и Совета Европейского союза.</p></sec><sec><title>Благодарность</title><p>Благодарность. Коллектив авторов сердечно благодарит Владимира Матвеевича Ковальзона за помощь в организации экспериментов и бесценные советы по обработке данных.</p></sec><sec><title>Источник финансирования</title><p>Источник финансирования. Исследование выполнено в рамках государственного задания МГУ имени М.В. Ломоносова.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила 07</title><p>Поступила 07.07.2025 / Принята к печати: 20.08.2025 / Опубликована: 10.09.2025</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The “Double Hit” method represents a model of exposure to two damaging factors acting at different stages of ontogenesis. It is well established that stress may serve as a trigger for the development of central nervous system disorders, particularly when occurring against a background of altered levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory factors induced by early-life inflammation.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>Materials and Methods. Wistar rats were used to model the effects of two damaging factors: neonatal inflammation induced by intraperitoneal administration of lipopolysaccharide on postnatal days (PND) 7 and 9 at a dose of 50 μg/kg, and repeated stress exposure during adolescence. Anxiety-like behavior was assessed twice: prior to stress exposure using the O-maze (PND 31) and after stress using the Elevated Plus Maze (PND 40). Between PND 36 and 39, a subset of animals was subjected to a subchronic unpredictable stress protocol. At the age of three months, male rats underwent surgical implantation of nichrome electrodes followed by continuous polysomnographic recording.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Early postnatal inflammation did not affect anxiety levels or sleep architecture in rats. In contrast, exposure to subchronic unpredictable stress during the prepubertal period led to the development of hyperactivity and disrupted the duration of sleep–wake cycles.</p></sec><sec><title>Discussion</title><p>Discussion. Laboratory rats (in particular, Wistar rats) were subjected to prolonged domestication and kept in controlled conditions for many generations, which led to a decrease in their adaptive potential. Thus, laboratory rats, like modern humans, exist in an artificially stabilized environment, which makes them more sensitive to external influences compared to their wild relatives.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Despite the inherently high biological plasticity of Rattus norvegicus, laboratory rat strains represent an adequate and informative model for studying processes relevant to the human population.</p></sec><sec><title>Ethics approval</title><p>Ethics approval. The study was approved by the Bioethics Committee of Lomonosov Moscow State University (Protocol No. 194-zh, dated December 26, 2024) and conducted in accordance with the European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals Used for Experimental and Other Scientific Purposes (ETS No. 123) and Directive 2010/63/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council.</p></sec><sec><title>Acknowledgments</title><p>Acknowledgments. The authors sincerely thank Vladimir M. Kovalzon for his assistance in organizing the experiments and for invaluable advice on data processing.</p></sec><sec><title>Contributions</title><p>Contributions: Kulpina A.A. — methodological development, experimental work; Gerasimov A.A. — methodological development, experimental work; Manchenko D.M. — literature review, manuscript writing; Glazova N.Yu. — statistical analysis, manuscript writing; Levitskaya N.G. — overall project coordination, manuscript writing. All authors approved the final version of the manuscript and take responsibility for the integrity of all its parts.</p></sec><sec><title>Funding</title><p>Funding. This research was carried out within the framework of the state assignment to Lomonosov Moscow State University.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no apparent or potential conflicts of interest related to the publication of this article.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: 07.07.2025 / Accepted: 20.08.2025 / Published: 10.09.2025</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>стресс</kwd><kwd>воспаление</kwd><kwd>липополисахарид</kwd><kwd>тревожность</kwd><kwd>модельный объект</kwd><kwd>линия Wistar</kwd><kwd>серая крыса (Rattus norvegicus)</kwd><kwd>циклы «сон – бодрствование»</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>stress</kwd><kwd>inflammation</kwd><kwd>lipopolysaccharide</kwd><kwd>anxiety</kwd><kwd>model organism</kwd><kwd>Wistar strain</kwd><kwd>Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus)</kwd><kwd>sleep–wake cycles</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mrdalj J., Pallesen S., Milde A.M., Jellestad F.K., Murison R., Ursin R., et al. 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